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' (No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet I.

D. L. HOLDEN. REPRIGERATING APPARATUS.

No. 493,721. Patented Mar. Z1, 1893.

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(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2. D. L. HOLDEN. y RBPRIGBRATING APPARATUS.No. 493,721.- Patented Mar. 21, 1893.

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. ATENT OFFICE.

DANIEL L. HOLDEN, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

REFRIGERATING APPARATUS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 493,721, dated March21, 1893.

Application filed March 28, 1892.

Ta @ZZ whom t may concern-.-

Be it known that I, DANIEL L. HOLDEN, a citizen of the United States,residing in the city and State of New York, have invented an Improvementin Refrigerating Apparatus, of which the following is a specification.

In the distillation of gaseous ammonia a large portion thereof will passoff from the liquid at a comparatively low temperature, but a highertemperature is required for more fully driving off such gaseous ammonia.Exhaust steam from an engine can be used in refrigerating apparatus, butordinarily it is not of a sufficiently high temperature to properlyvaporize the ammonia.

In my present invention the rich liquor is first subjected to heat fromexhaust steam and then it is subjected to a higher tempera ture by steamdirectly from the boiler or generator, and I construct the still, theabsorber and the condenser in a peculiar manner so that a coil or helixof wire is either heated or cooled and the liquid material trickles downupon the wire of the spirals or helices, so that a very large surface isexposed to the heating or cooling action, as hereinafter described.

In the drawings Figure l is a diagrammatic sectional elevationillustrating the present improvement, and Fig. 2 is a section in largersize representing the construction of the still, or generator, and alsoof the absorber and condenser, and Fig. 3 is a horizontal section at theline c, z of Fig. 2.

The still or generator is represented in two parts B B', and the vaporsfrom the still pass by the pipe 2 to the condenser G, and the liquidammonia is allowed to flow from the bottom of the condenser by the pipeand cock 3 to the coil .l which is in the chamber or space to berefrigerated, and the spent gas passes by the pipe 4 back to theabsorber H, and the weak ammonia liquor from the bottom of the still orgenerator B B passes by the pipe and cock 5 and pipe 6 of theinterchanger K and auxiliary cooler K and by the pipe 7 to the pipes 8of the coolerI I', and thence the weak liquor is admitted in the properquantity by the cock 9 to the upper end of the absorber H, and the richliquor from the bottom of the absorber H is conveyed by the pipe andcock 10 to the pump F and from that it is forced by the pipe and cock l1to the interchangerK contain- Serial No. 426,660. (No model.)

ing the pipe 6 that leads the weak liquor away from the still, and fromthe top of the interchanger K the rich liquor is carried by the pipe andcock 12 to the top of the generator. The condensing and cooling water isadmitted by a pipe 13 from a hydrant or suitable supply and by the cock14 is allowed to How into the bottom of the inner water tube G' of thecondenser, and from the top of such condenser tube G the partiallywarmed water passes by the pipes 14, 15, 16 to the top of the auxiliarycooler K' and by the pipe 17 to the water cooler and condenser L; waterfrom the pipe 13 is also allowed to Iiow by the cock 18 into the jacketG2 of the condenser, and from the upper part of the jacket by the pipes19 and 2O to the pipe 16 before mentioned. Water also can pass from thepipe 13 by the cock 21 into the top of the cooler I, and by the branchpipe 22 to the cooler I', and from the top of I' by the branch 23.andpipe 2O to the pipe 16 aforesaid. The supply Water can also pass by thecock 24 into the jacket H2 of the absorber H, and by the pipe and cock25 into the inner tube H' of the absorber H', and the water can esca-pefrom the upper end of the absorber jacket H by the branch pipe 26 andpipe 2O to the pipe 16 before named, and the water can pass off from theinner tube H' of the absorber by the pipe 27 to the pipes 15 and 16before named.

From the foregoing general description it will be observed that thewater that is used for cooling purposes is supplied by the pipe 13 andled through the various portions of the apparatus, and that in apartially warm condition it passes through theinterchanger, that is tosay, by the auxiliary cooler K around the pipe 6 and thence to the watercooler and condenser L hereinafter named, and that the weak liquor inits heated condition as it passes from the generator B B' by the cockand pipes 5' and 6 through the interchanger K and auxiliary cooler K'such weak liquor serves to warm up the rich liquor that is passing fromthe pump F and cock 11 through the interchanger K and pipe and cock 12into the still, and the weak liquor passing through the auxiliary coolerK' is cooled bythe liquid in such auxiliary cooler K around the pipe 6,and when the Weak liquor passes by the pipes 7 and 8 through the coolerI I',

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such weak liquor is still further cooled by the water from the pipe 13and cock 21, so that when the weak liquor reaches the absorber H it isin a cold condition and better adapted to the absorption of the spentgas passing into the absorber by the pipe 4, and this absorber is keptin a cool condition by water passing through the inner tube H of theabsorber and within the jacket H2 of the absorber, andthe water whichbecomes partially warmed in the absorber goes away by the pipes 26 and27 to the pipes 15, 2O and 1G before mentioned, hence by thisarrangement the cooling and condensing water is used as economically aspossible, and itwill be observed that the water tiowing from the `pipe13 by the cocks 14 and 1S to the condenser also passes by the pipes 14and 19 to the pipes 15, 20 and 16, so that the pipe 16 and auxiliarycooler K become the common outlet for the water that has been used forcooling purposes.

The steam pipe ct supplies steam to the engine E, and by the pipe I) andcocks b h2 the live steam is admitted to the jacket Cand to the innercylinder A of the still or lower generator and the exhaust steam fromthe engine passes by the pipe c and cocks c c2 to the inner cylinderAand to the jacket C of the upper sti-ll or generator, and the water ofcondensation passes by the cocks CZ d and pipe c to the worm g and thewater of condensation from the live steam goes by the cocks e' e2 andpipe to the lsteam trap Z and thence by the pipef to the worm g in thewater cooler and condenser L, and the water of condensation in a coolcondition passes by the cock e' into a vessel or holder h, so that thispure water of condensation maybe availed of and frozen into ice orotherwise used, and the overflow pipe k leadsto a sewer or otherdischarge from the water cooler and condenser L. By passing the water ofcondensation through a steam trap Z before passing by the pipef to theworm g the pressure of steam may be maintained in the still, and suchsteam trap being of ordinary construction does not require furtherdescription.

Having now given a general description of the apparatus and set forththe manner in which the ammonia is caused to circulate through theapparatus, and also the manner in which the cooling water is made topass through the apparatus I will now proceed to describe the featuresof construction of the respective parts.

' The i-nterchan ger K, auxiliary cooler K and the cooler Il are made ofpipes one within the other with suitable enlargements at the end for therespective branch pipes and with packings at the heads of theenlargements around the respective inner pipes, so that leakage may beprevented.

The lower parts of the still, the absorber and the condenser are madesubstantially in the manner represented in the lower portion P of Fig.2. The upper part of the still, the absorber and the condenser are madesubstantially as represented at the portion Q of Fig. 2, with theexception of the connecting pipes which are illustrated in Fig. 1; thecenter portion R, however of this Fig. 2, shows the center portion ofthe still or generator and the description of the upper and lower p0rtions of Fig. 2 is made general as follows, so as to apply to eitherstill, absorber or condenser, and the center portion of Fig. 2 will bedescribed with special reference to that portion which is found in thestill or generator only.

The head m is either flat or convex and it is provided with a rib 0, andthe tube n has a screw thread'cut around the exterior surface thereofupon which the ringp is screwed, and this ringp has an annular cavity orrecess adjacent to the screw thread portion of the tube n, so that apacking of lead or other suitable material introduced into thisannularrecess when pressed upon by the rib o as the screws or bolts r arescrewed up, is 'firmly pressed into the screw thread so that a perfectly tight joint is made between the head m and the tube n. The innertube has a closed head sand the coils or vhelices of wire are laid inbetween the inner tube and the tube n,hence it will be observed that anyliquid material supplied into the upper part of the tube n will run downover the coils O and be subjected to either heat or cold according towhether steam i-s Awithin the inner tube, or cooling water, and thelliquid .will trickle over or down such coils from the top toward thebottom, and the vapors driven oft' from such liquid or absorbed by suchliquid or condensed upon such coils, will be subjected to an extendedcooling or heating action because of the extended surface ofsuch coilsor helices, and these are in contact with both the inner tube and theouter tube, and for this reason va very eiiicient still, absorber orcondenser can be made in a verycompact space.

In addition to the cooling or heating action from the inner tube, theouter tube is exposed also toa corresponding cooling or heating actionin consequence of the jacket surrounding the same, and such jacket iseither to receive wit hin it water for cooling or steam for heating,butin order to connect the jacket or case steam or water tight with theouter tube has involved considerable difficulty, 'because the parts aresometimes exposed lalternately to expansion and contraction; to overcomethis difficulty the top and bottom ends of the jacket are similarlyfitted, that is to say, the jacket t is preferably covered withnon-conducting material t and the ends of the jacket are flangedoutwardly and each surrounded by a ring u through which bolts u pass,and these bolts also go through the rings fr v', and one ring has anannular rib upon it projecting into an annular recess in the other ring,so that a packing w received into such annular recess is forced by thepressure of the screws or bolts against the eX- IOO IIO

terior of the tube n, and there is a washer or packing :n between thering u and the ring o. By this means a tight joint is made between therespective parts, and expansion and contraction are allowed for.

I remark that the same character of joint is made at the top and bottomof the respective jackets, and the same letters of reference are appliedat the top and bottom ends of the two jackets, as represented in Fig. 2,and the connections between the tube n and the base plate y are the sameas between the tube n and the head m and the same letters of referenceare applied thereto.

The inner tube, the outer tube and the jacket in the absorber and alsoin the condenser are uninterrupted from end to end, hence furtherdescription of the details of construction is unnecessary, but the stillis made with an upper and lower section, theintermediate portion beingrepresented at R, Fig. 2, and by bearing in mind the features ofconstruction before mentioned as applicable to the upper and lower endsof the still as a whole, the middle portion of the still which dividesit into sections alone requires to be described. It is constructed asfollows: The inside cylinders A and A of the still are tightly closed atthe adjacent ends, as represented in Figs. l and 2. The cylinders B andB of the still terminate at the head m and base y respectively, at thetop and bottom ends, and at theintermediate connecting cylinder D, andthe rib 0 and ringsp and the screws 7" are employed for connecting theflanges D of the connecting cylinder D to the respective cylinders B andB of the still, and the connections at the bottom of the jacket C andtop of the jacket C' are made the same as before described for the upperand lower ends of such jackets. The upper still tubeB is supported bythe connecting cylinder D, and the inner tube A and the helices or coilsO are preferably sustained by inwardly projecting brackets upon theconnecting cylinder D, and the steam pipe for the exhaust steam isallowed to pass through the cock c and branch pipe c3 into theinteriortube A of the still, such tube cB passing through a suitablegland or packing upon the connecting cylinder D, and in order to allowthe water of condensation from the inner cylinder A to pass away to thepipe and cock cZ,Iprovide atubular pocket S below the bottom of theinner cylinder A and into which the pipe from the cock CZ passes, andthis tubular pocket receives within it the upwardly projectin gend ofthe branch pipe c3, and the drip pipe or escape forthe water ofcondensation within the jacket C passes to the cock d by the branch pipewhich may be screwed into the ring o, as shown in Fig. 2, and the drippipe for the water of condensation from Within the jacket C to the cocke may also be screwed into the similar ring o of such jacket C.

At the bottom of the inner cylinder A the live Steam through the pipe Mis admitted by the cock b, and the tubular pocket S is represented aspassing through a gland or stufling box in thebase y, such tubularpocket S being screwed into the bottom end of the cylinder A and thewaste pipe for water of condensation passes from the bottom of thistubular pocket andby the pipe e2 to the trap Z as aforesaid.

In operating this still it will be understood that the ammonia gasespass off by the pipe 2 to the condenser, and the rich liquor is allowedto run into the upper part of the still by the pipe and cock 12, andthis liquor is in a warm condition in consequence of passing through theinterchanger K and the rich liquor runs upon the exterior of the innercylinder A and it also flows over the coils or helices O, and as theliquid descends it is exposed to the heat from the exhaust steam, andthe more volatile ammonia is driven off and the liquid runs from thebottom of the cylinder A and of the coils O, through the connectingchamber D upon the top of the lower cylinder A and upon the coils O andit passes down and is subjected to a higher temperature, so that theammonia vapors are driven off and pass uppwardly between the coils andin the space between the still B B and the inner cylinders A A and passto the condenser as aforesaid, and such vapors are condensed in thecondenser by contact with the inner and outer cylinders thereof and withthe coils or helices that intervene between such cylinders, and theliquid animonia accumulates in the lower part of the condenser between Gand G and is allowed to pass to the refrigerating coil as aforesaid.

By the aforesaid arrangement of apparatus, the operations can be carriedon continuously, the weak liquor being returned to the absorber throughthe interchanger K and auxiliary cooler K and coolers I I andto whichabsorber the spent gas from the refrigerating coil is admitted and therich liquoris fed continuously by the pump through the interchanger K tothe upper part of the still.

I claim as my inventionl. The combination in an ice machine of a stillin two parts each part having an inner heating tube and an outer jacketand-a metallic coil or helix in the intermediate generating chamber, apipe for supplying the rich liquor at the top of the upper still, achamber connecting the upper and lower generating chambers and a pipefor weak liquor from the lower part of the still, pipes and cocks forsupplying exhaust steam to the inner tube and jacket of the upper stilland pipes .and cocks for supplying steam at a high temperature to theinner tube and jacket of the lower still substantially as specified.

2. The combination in arefrigerating apparatus, of an inner cylinder andan outer cylinder for heating or cooling and intervening wire helices ofmetal in contact with the respective cylinders to act as conductors forvaryingthe temperature of the liquid material IOO IIO

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allowed to run over the helices and between the cylinders, substantiallyas set forth.

3. The combination in a still or generator' of an inner tube, an outertube, a metal coil or helix in the generator space between therespective tubes, heads for closing the outer and inner tubes, a jacketfor Huid such as steam or Water surrounding the outer tube, ringssecured upon the outer tube and lto the I ends of the jacket andpackings confined between the respective rings and tube for renderingthe joints tight but for allowing for expansion and contractionsubstantially as` specified.

4. The combination in a two-part still orgenerator for ice machinery oftwo inner tubes` closed at their ends and one above the other, outertubes closed at their top and bottom ends, an intermediate cylinderconnecting the outer tubes and forminga chamber that opens into thegenerator spaces between the outer and inner tubes of the respectiveparts ofthe still, jackets around the upper and lower parts of the stilland separate pipes for supplying steam to the respective parts of thestill, so that the lower part of the still can be the hottest andA pipesfor supplying`the rich liquor at the top of the still and for takingott' the Weak liquor from the bottom of the still substantially asspecified.

Signed by me this 8th day of December,

DANIEL L. HOLDEN. Vitnesses:

GEO. T. PINCKNEY, WILLIAM G. MoTT.

